BTC State Machine System Architect

The BTC Core architecture is primarily a distributed finite state machine based on a UTXO ledger and OP Codes. It comprises the ledger data, the state machine, and the computing integrity verification module.

Ledger Data

The BTC ledger data structure includes block headers and block bodies. The block header structure primarily contains information like the Merkel Root used for verification. The block body contains the actual transaction details and any associated data.

Finite State Machine

A finite state machine is a computational model representing a finite number of states and the transitions and actions between these states. Any computable problem can ultimately be expressed as a finite state machine. Compared to a Turing machine, the finite state machine model is simpler, having only a finite set of states and a transition function, without requiring extensive state read/write operations.

In the context of BTC, the settlement process of the UTXO ledger under OP Code conditions is a state transition process. Account balances represent the states. Since BTC's computation process is not Turing-complete, it aligns more closely with the computational model of a state machine.

Computing Integrity

The requirement for computing integrity is to ensure the trustworthiness of computation results. In the context of BTC ledger data, in an open and distributed environment, the requirements are more complex, including addressing double-spending and preventing ledger tampering.

BTC differs from traditional centralized security models. It combines a public-private key mechanism with a Proof-of-Work (POW) model. The Merkle Tree Root is used for quick verification of data integrity, while POW utilizes a work-based game theory mechanism to solve the security issue of historical ledgers.